ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR GURU GEN Z: PERAN ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, DAN JOB AUTONOMY MELALUI WORK ENGAGEMENT

Albert Theriono Lim, Lianto Lianto, Sunardi Ginting

Abstract


Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh Ethical Leadership, Perceived Organizational Support, dan Job Autonomy terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) pada guru Generasi Z, dengan Work Engagement sebagai variabel mediasi. Generasi Z, yang lahir antara tahun 1997 hingga 2012, mencakup 27,94% dari total populasi Indonesia. Penelitian ini melibatkan 82 responden, yaitu guru Generasi Z di sekolah Katolik dan Kristen swasta di Pontianak, mencakup berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner, yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan software WarpPLS 7.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ethical Leadership, Perceived Organizational Support, dan Job Autonomy berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap OCB melalui Work Engagement. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya meningkatkan faktor-faktor tersebut untuk mendorong Work Engagement yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan OCB pada guru Generasi Z. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan praktis bagi para pengelola sekolah serta kontribusi teoretis untuk memahami dinamika OCB dalam konteks ini.


Keywords


ethical leadership perceived organizational support job autonomy work engagement organizational citizenship behavior generasi z

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adeniji, O., Adeniji, A., & Imhonopi, D. (2021). Outcomes of job autonomy and its effect on work engagement: A study of the banking industry in Nigeria. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(3), 173-183.

Adnan, N., Bhatti, O. K., & Farooq, W. (2020). Relating ethical leadership with work engagement: How workplace spirituality mediates?. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1739494.

Alshaabani, A., Naz, F., Magda, R., & Rudnák, I. (2021). Impact of perceived organizational support on OCB in the time of COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary: employee engagement and affective commitment as mediators. Sustainability, 13(14), 7800.

Breaugh, J. A. (1985). The measurement of work autonomy. Human relations, 38(6), 551-570.

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 97(2), 117-134.

Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L.K. (2006), Ethical leadership: a review and future directions. Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595-616.

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L., & Harrison, D. (2011). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 204-213.

Byrne, Z.S., Peters, J.M. & Weston, J.W. (2016). The Struggle with Employee Engagement: Measures and Construct Clarification using five samples. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(9), 1201-1227.

Chiu, S. F., & Chen, H. L. (2005). Relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediational role of job satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 33(6), 523-540.

Claudia, M. (2018). The Influence Of Perceived organizational support. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 33(1), 23 – 45.

Den Hartog, D. N., & Belschak, F. D. (2012). Work engagement and Machiavellianism in the ethical leadership process. Journal of business ethics, 107, 35-47.

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of applied psychology, 71(3), 500.

Eisenberger, R., Rhoades Shanock, L., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived organizational support: Why caring about employees counts. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 101-124.

Gunawan, Y. Y., Anindita, R., & Wekadigunawan, C. S. P. (2023). Fostering Organizational Citizenship Behavior By Developing Organizational Culture Through Work engagement. Jurnal Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia, 9(3), 70-79.

Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250–279.

Imran, M. Y., Elahi, N. S., Abid, G., Ashfaq, F., & Ilyas, S. (2020). Impact of perceived organizational support on work engagement: Mediating mechanism of thriving and flourishing. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 82.

Jankelová, N., Joniaková, Z., & Skorková, Z. (2021). Perceived organizational support and work engagement of first-line managers in healthcare–the mediation role of feedback seeking behavior. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 3109-3123.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724.

Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., & De Hoogh, A. H. B. (2011). Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 51-69.

Kao, J. C., Cho, C. C., & Kao, R. H. (2023). Perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior–A study of the moderating effect of volunteer participation motivation, and cross-level effect of transformational leadership and organizational climate. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1082130.

Khusanova, R., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2021). Work engagement among public employees: Antecedents and consequences. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 684495.

Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., & Mäkikangas, A. (2008). Testing the effort-reward imbalance model among Finnish managers: the role of perceived organizational support. Journal of occupational health psychology, 13(2), 114.

Kock, N. (2013). Advance mediating effects tests, multi group analysis, and measurement model assesments in PLS-based SEM. Laredo, TX: ScriptWarp Systems.

Krishnan, R., & Ismail, I. R. (2012). The mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between job autonomy and citizenship performance. In Proceedings of 19th International Business Research Conference.

Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of management, 43(6), 1854-1884.

Kusuma, N.T., Kurniawan, I.S. & Herawati, J. (2021). Mediation Work Engagement on Perceived Organizational Support on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Scientific Journal of Economics and Business. 18(2), 128-136

Lee, C. C., Aravamudhan, V., Roback, T., Lim, H. S., & Ruane, S. G. (2021). Factors Impacting Work engagement of Gen Z Employees: A Regression Analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 18(3), 147-157.

Magdaleno, J., Caballer, A., Sora, B., García-Buades, M. E., & Rodríguez, I. (2023). The mediating role of job crafting of social resources in the relationship between job autonomy, self-efficacy, and organizational citizenship behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 35(1), 95-110.

Malinowska, D., Tokarz, A., & Wardzichowska, A. (2018). Job autonomy in relation to work engagement and workaholism: Mediation of autonomous and controlled work motivation. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 31(4), 445-458.

Mareta, E. A., Purnomo, R., & Anggraeni, A. I. (2023). Effect of job satisfaction and work engagement on organizational citizenship behavior. In proceeding of international conference sustainable competitive advantage, 3 (January).

Matamala, A. (2011). Work engagement as a Mediator Between Personality and Citizenship behavior. FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Florida: Florida International University.

Mayer, D. M., Aquino, K., Greenbaum, R. L., & Kuenzi, M. (2009). Who displays ethical leadership, and why does it matter? An examination of antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1051-1068.

Mostafa, A. M. S. (2018). Ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behaviours: the moderating role of organizational identification. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(4), 441-449.

Muhammad, A. H. (2014). Perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior: The case of Kuwait. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(3), 59.

Nemr, M. A. A., & Liu, Y. (2021). The impact of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behaviors: Moderating role of organizational cynicism. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1865860.

Ng, L. P., Choong, Y. O., Kuar, L. S., Tan, C. E., & Teoh, S. Y. (2021). Job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviour amongst health professionals: The mediating role of work engagement. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(3), 797-804.

Noble-Nkrumah, F., Anyigba, H., & Mensah, H. K. (2022). Psychological contract fulfilment and work behaviour nexus: the interactive effects of employee job autonomy and trust. Management Decision, 60(5), 1326-1348.

Oldham, G. R., & Hackman, J. R. (2010). Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research. Journal of organizational behavior, 31(2‐3), 463-479.

Oludeyi, O. S., & Aborisade, R.A. (2018). The applicability of the Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model to assembly line manufacturing organisations in Nigeria. UNIUYO Journal of Humanities (UUJH), 22(2), 277-289.

Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Organ, D. W, Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizen-ship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CL: Sage Publications.

Park, R. (2018). The roles of OCB and automation in the relationship between job autonomy and organizational performance: a moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(6), 1139-1156.

Permata, F. D., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2021, March). The role of work engagement in the relationship of job autonomy and proactive work behavior for organizational sustainability. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 716(1), 012055. IOP Publishing.

Phetsombat, P., & Na-Nan, K. (2023). A Causal Model of Ethical leadership Affecting the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Teachers in the Office of the Basic Education Commission. Sustainability, 15(8), 6656.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Bommer, W. H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 7(1), 107-142.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B, Bachrach, D.G. (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for the Future Research, Journal of Management, 23(3), 513–563.

Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood, IL:Irwin-Dorsey.

Prayitno, S., Iqbal, M. A., & Aulia, I. N. (2022). The Impact of Affective Commitment to Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Millennial Employees in an Indonesian Construction Company: Work engagement and Knowledge Sharing as Mediators. International Journal of Indonesian Business Review, 1(1), 70-79.

Rehman, F., Yusoff, R. B. M., Zabri, S. B. M., & Ismail, F. B. (2018). Impacts of psychological capital on the ethical behavior of teachers: a case of educational sector in Pakistan. In MATEC Web of Conferences, 150, 05032. EDP Sciences.

Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698-714.

Robbins, S. P. (2005). Organizational Behavior. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of managerial psychology, 21(7), 600-619.

Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 6(1), 19-38.

Savitri, A. D., & Khairunnisa, E. V. (2023). The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intention with Intrinsic Motivation as a Mediating Variable A Study of Companies in the Trade and Services Sector. Valley International Journal Digital Library, 5352-5364.

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3, 71-92.

Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716

Seppälä, P., Mäkikangas, A., Hakanen, J. J., Tolvanen, A., & Feldt, T. (2020). Is autonomy always beneficial for work engagement? A six-year four-wave follow-up study. Journal for Person-Oriented Research, 6(1), 16.

Stankiewicz, A. (2016). Stereotypy. Młodszy czy starszy–kogo lubimy, a kogo nie. Rozdział 3:56-74. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.

Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.

Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., & Oke, A. (2011). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 654-667.

Wibawa, W. M. S., & Takahashi, Y. (2021). The effect of ethical leadership on work engagement and workaholism: examining self-efficacy as a moderator. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 50.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.51195/iga.v15i1.389

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ekonomi Integra

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright of Jurnal Ekonomi Integra
ISSN 0216-4337 (Print) and ISSN 2581-0340 (Online)

Creative Commons License
Jurnal Ekonomi Integra is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.